A roof top is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or composition which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that this protects, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure might provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the look of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and real wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and tradition. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof top also.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof structure is a matter of concern because the roof top is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a factor in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior covering often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic or thought sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming more and more popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams throughout the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can cause structural damage from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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