A roof top is part of your building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or composition which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are reliant upon the goal of the building that this includes, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of development and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of your roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof top is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dry locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof top is a subject of concern because the roofing is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof top is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a rooftop are a account in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, mud and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are vinyl or noticed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become more and more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems such as the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can result in structural damage from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
12. MAIN ROOF. DESIGN LOADS
Roof Snow Load Building Codes http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs035
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Retrofitting existing buildings with green roofs Sustainable
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