A roof structure is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building which it addresses, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering could also provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof top also.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof is a matter of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roofing are a concern in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic or thought sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems such as the formation of glaciers dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can lead to structural harm from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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