A roof top is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that it covers, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and timber shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost chiseled roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping rooftop.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of the rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof covering is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof covering are a thought in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, particularly those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noise, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic or believed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular ever more, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true things melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can cause structural harm from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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