A roofing is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or structure which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the goal of the building it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof also.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof structure is a matter of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roofing is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof covering are a concern in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer covering. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, mud and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are noticed or plastic material sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become more and more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems such as the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper elements of the roofing to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true details melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may result in structural harm from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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