A roof is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building which it addresses, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that helps to protect against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the look of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of your rooftop is a matter of matter because the roof is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a thought in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer coating. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are vinyl or sensed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper parts of the rooftop to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can result in structural harm from stress, like the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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