A roofing is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop could also provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dry out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof top.
Somebody who specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof structure is a subject of matter because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof covering are a thought in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular significantly, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems like the formation of snow dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may result in structural harm from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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