A roof is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the goal of the building that it covers, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of development and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that shields against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure could also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the look of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof is a subject of concern because the rooftop is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof top are a thought in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior part often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noise, mud and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic or felt sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming ever more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true details melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may lead to structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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