A roof covering is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the purpose of the building that this covers, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop could also provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried up parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainfall, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roof is a matter of concern because the roofing is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roofing are a awareness in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior layer. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, sound, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are thought or plastic material sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become more and more popular, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on top elements of the roofing to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can lead to structural damage from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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