A rooftop is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building which it includes, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that shields against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof top.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of an rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof structure are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside coating often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, sound, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are experienced or plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher elements of the roofing to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can cause structural damage from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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