A rooftop is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building it covers, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of building and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and tradition. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a matter of concern because the roof structure is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof top is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof structure are a awareness in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior covering often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are sensed or plastic material sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming more and more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can bring about structural harm from stress, like the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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