A roof top is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that this addresses, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and aesthetics. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of an rooftop is a subject of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a account in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, particularly those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outer level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, mud and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are vinyl or felt sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems such as the formation of glaciers dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the rooftop to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural harm from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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