A roofing is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or composition which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that it addresses, the available roof materials and the local traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering might provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof goes up from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof top also.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of your roof is a subject of matter because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof top are a awareness in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outside covering often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, sound, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating system caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are sensed or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular ever more, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems like the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof top to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may lead to structural harm from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
12. MAIN ROOF. DESIGN LOADS
Thread: Roof Truss Design
Map from American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE http://publicecodes
Efficient roof design also able it take heavy snow loads
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