A roof is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building which it protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof top.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof covering is a matter of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof are a thought in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outside covering often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against heating and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are experienced or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular ever more, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper elements of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams appear when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural damage from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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