A roof is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building that this protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing might provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and appearance. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roofing is a subject of matter because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof structure are a thought in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outer coating often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, sound, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are felt or cheap sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular ever more, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top parts of the roof to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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