A roof is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building it protects, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of development and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof is a subject of matter because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or harm can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof structure are a concern in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer coating. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, mud and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are clear plastic or experienced sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems such as the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, including the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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