A roof top is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that it includes, the available roof materials and the local traditions of construction and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and tradition. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof structure.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof is a subject of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof top are a account in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, mud and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heat caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are vinyl or experienced sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams throughout the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on top elements of the roof top to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams appear when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may bring about structural harm from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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