A roofing is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building so it covers, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of construction and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that defends against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may also provide additional living space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof structure.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof covering is a subject of concern because the roof top is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof top are a thought in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior part. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, sound, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are sensed or cheap sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the roofing to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true factors melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may cause structural damage from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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