A roofing is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building so it protects, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dry out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and tradition. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof covering is a subject of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof top is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roofing are a factor in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, sound, mud and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are plastic material or noticed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular more and more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems such as the formation of snow dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural harm from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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