A roof is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are based mostly upon the purpose of the building that it addresses, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and custom. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roofing also.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof is a subject of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof covering is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a concern in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic material or believed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular more and more, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems like the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true details melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural damage from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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