A rooftop is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or framework which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building so it protects, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the look of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof structure.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of any rooftop is a subject of matter because the roofing is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roofing is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a thought in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior level. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are plastic or sensed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming significantly popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those things melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may result in structural damage from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
the hip rafter layout diagram below for the layout process
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